Saturday, January 8, 2011

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TEACH FOR AMERICA

STRIVING FOR EQUALITY IN THE CLASSROOM

Miami Herald, The (FL) - Friday, November 16, 2007
Author: AMY DRISCOLL adriscoll@MiamiHerald.com
Abstract: College grads try to change the world, one student at a time.
BY AMY DRISCOLL adriscoll@MiamiHerald.com

Even in college, Chelsea Stone knew she wanted to give back.

She looked into the Peace Corps, but wasn't sold on the idea. Considered a Wall Street job after graduation, but her heart wasn't in it. Then the Colorado native heard about a program called Teach for America, and it clicked like nothing else had.

"I realized, you don't have to go abroad to be kind," she recalled.

Now Stone, 23, is in her second year of teaching at a Miami -Dade County school, devoting her days to ninth-graders at Edison High School. Her mission, like other recent college graduates who sign up for a two-year, Teach for America commitment, is no small task: eliminating educational inequities in America's schools.

"A lot of the students have not encountered success but if you have high expectations and put in a lot of time and energy and effort, they will absolutely reciprocate," she said. "Every morning when I wake up, I know that if I show up there and am present, I am actually effecting change in 60 lives. It's very high stakes."

And long hours. And tough working conditions. And the sense of doing something that really matters, Stone and other teachers in the program say.

"This is such hopeful work," Stone said. "I truly believe that I can affect my students' lives in a good and positive way. And there are people like me all across the country doing the same thing."

Teach for America works under the theory that educational inequalities are at the heart of many social problems in the United States. By sending a corps of motivated "agents of change" (teachers) into the field, the program attempts to reduce the disparities that limit many children in rural and urban environments.

The program began sending teachers to Miami -Dade in 2003, after securing the support of the county's education system. There are 91 teachers in 40 schools across the county, affecting the lives of 7,700 students, according to program statistics. In the next two years, Teach for America plans to double the size of its Miami -Dade corps, enlisting 100 new teachers each year for the fourth largest school district in the country.

The program picks teachers who can excel in their first two years of teaching, and offers training and support. Many program members choose to stay in the field after their commitment is completed.

"We have massive recruitment efforts to seek students with very strong leadership abilities who we know will be successful in the classroom," said Suzanne Lynn, vice president for regional operations in Miami .

And the competition to make a difference is fierce. Last year, 18,000 applied; 2,900 began teaching this fall. The program was founded in 1990 by a Princeton student who wrote her thesis on the idea that many top college students would choose teaching over more lucrative opportunities if they thought they could make a real difference.

Those who become corps members embrace an activist's approach. They talk about having joined "the movement" and being "agents of change."

Thomas Maffai, a teacher at Miami Jackson Senior High, is in his second year as a corps member. Originally from Oregon, the 23-year-old said he has learned from his students how wide the gap between socio-economic classes can be.

"When I first signed up with this movement, I was thinking the achievement gap -- that's education . But now I'm in the movement, I see the gap is much bigger," he said. "It includes health care, have my students eaten breakfast, are my students sick, are my students homeless. All of that contributes to the achievement gap. . . . It sort of opened my eyes to this huge difference between the haves and the have-nots."

And the commitment to a life of education and change often doesn't end after two years. Miami -Dade is home to more than 75 Teach for America alumni, many still in education .

Sarah Giblin, a graduate of Loyola University in Chicago, completed her two years last year and now is a program director for the Miami office, part of the support staff.

"Before I started teaching, I knew that I wanted to work for social justice issues. I knew that would be a focus in my life," she said. "After teaching, I thought I could never turn my back on education and I could never turn my back on my students. . . . So now I'm broadening my reach, by supporting the teachers."

HOW TO HELP

Teach for America is a national corps of top college graduates who commit two years to teach in under-resourced public schools. To support Teach For America in Miami -Dade County with a gift or to request additional information, contact:

Christina Ralabate, Office Manager

1541 Sunset Dr.

Suite 201

South Miami , FL 33143

(305) 661-2993

For more information and applications for the program: www.teachforamerica.org
Caption: ALEXIA FODERE/FOR THE MIAMI HERALD HIGH STAKES: Chelsea Stone, instructing students at Edison High School, has found her niche in the Teach for America movement.
Edition: Final
Section: Special Section
Page: 3GV
Record Number: 403933
Copyright (c) 2007 The Miami Herald

Miami -Dade School Board votes to sue state over funding

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MIAMI -DADE SCHOOLS: Miami -Dade School Board votes to sue state over funding - The Miami -Dade School Board will sue the state to make up funding it says it's not getting from local taxes.

Miami Herald, The (FL) - Thursday, December 11, 2008
Author: KATHLEEN McGRORY, kmcgrory@MiamiHerald.com
The Miami -Dade School Board voted Wednesday to sue the state, hoping to recoup $34.7 million in funding it alleges was improperly withheld.

The money is "funding our children were entitled to, and will continue to be entitled to," said schools Superintendent Alberto Carvalho.

The bulk of the money the district hopes to recoup comes from a change in local property taxes, one of two funding methods for public schools. The other method is the state sales tax.

The county uses tax rolls to determine how much is likely to come in locally.

But last spring, the Legislature changed the date for certifying the tax rolls, moving it back from September to March.

Because the new date did not account for appeals, the final tax roll came in dramatically lower than the initial roll. As a result, the district lost about $24 million that it had already built into its budget, Carvalho said.

He urged the School Board to vote to sue the state, saying the state should make up the difference.

And, it would relieve the burden on local taxpayers, Carvalho added.

It is the state that sets the per-student funding formula, meaning the district gets money based on the number of students it serves. All students statewide are to receive the same amount of funding.

"When local property taxes decline, the state has a responsibility to make up the difference with state dollars to ensure equity in education funding for all children," Carvalho said.

District officials say the statute is unconstitutional because the state has a duty to fund public schools equally.

"Going forward, it's an equity issue," said district Chief Financial Officer Richard Hinds. " Miami -Dade is a place where the appeals [from property owners] are much greater than in upstate. We will perpetually suffer from inequality ."

Reached Wednesday evening, the Florida Department of Education declined to comment on the lawsuit.

In addition, the Florida Legislature changed the maximum amount of money school districts can use from their capital accounts to fund property and casualty insurance.

However, Miami -Dade had decided to use capital money to pay its insurance costs -- $34 million -- before the cap was imposed.

Now, the district must use $10 million from its operating account to help pay for the insurance.

The district is also hoping to recoup that because the change was applied retroactively.

The Board hired Edward Guedes of Greenberg Traurig to represent the district.

New School Board member Larry Feldman said he was happy to see the Board take action to recover the money. But member Renier Diaz de la Portilla expressed concern members didn't have the opportunity to discuss the lawsuit at a workshop.

In other business, the Board:

** Heard from Randi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers. Weingarten implored the board to grant teachers their raises, which were promised in their contract, but later withheld to save money.

"In a crisis like this, you need the teachers more than ever," she said.

** Voted to fully subsidize a $24 million increase in the cost of employee healthcare insurance.

** Voted to have the Council of Great City Schools review the district's food service and construction management departments.

Miami Herald staff writers Hannah Sampson and Nirvi Shah contributed to this report.
Edition: D1
Page: B1
Provided By: The McClatchy Company
Index Terms: local; education; state; Florida Department of Education; Greenberg Traurig; Council of Great City Schools; Miami Herald
Personal Name(s): Alberto Carvalho; Richard Hinds; Edward Guedes; Larry Feldman; Randi Weingarten; Hannah Sampson
Record Number: 200812110301KNRIDDERFLMIAMIH_dadeskul
Copyright (c) 2008 The Miami Herald
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Saturday, December 25, 2010

State: Evolution joins curriculum

State: Evolution joins curriculum

Schools

Evolution joins curriculum

With a 4-3 vote, a state standards board agrees to include the "scientific theory."

By Ron Matus, Times Staff Writer
Published February 20, 2008


T. Willard Fair, chairman of the state Board of Education, presides over Tuesday's meeting in Tallahassee. The board voted 4 to 3, with Fair casting the final tie-breaking vote, in favor of allowing schools to teach that evolution is a scientific theory.
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TALLAHASSEE - Science won Tuesday. But not by knockout.

Over the objections of religious conservatives, a sharply divided Florida Board of Education adopted new science standards Tuesday that embrace evolution.

But, in an attempt at political compromise, the board majority also agreed to reword the standards to refer to evolution as a "scientific theory" - a technically accurate description that defused several key opponents but left scientists grumpy about the process.

"Do I believe the theory of evolution? Absolutely," said board member Kathleen Shanahan of Tampa, who was on the winning end of a rare 4-3 vote. "But I believe there's more to explore."

The wording change leaves the door open for that, she said.

Board members Phoebe Raulerson, Linda Taylor and Shanahan voted in favor.

Board members Donna Callaway, Roberto Martinez and Akshay Desai voted against.

Board Chairman T. Willard Fair broke the tie.

Department of Education officials floated the last-minute revision Friday in the face of mounting opposition from religious conservatives who said the proposed standards were too dogmatic in their treatment of evolution.

The draft standards defined evolution as "the fundamental concept underlying all of biology" and one "supported by multiple forms of scientific evidence."

A committee dominated by scientists and science teachers crafted the language, and many of them were unhappy with the board's decision to alter their wording. But many were also willing to look on the bright side.

"It's okay," said University of South Florida chemistry professor Robert Meisels. "They basically superimposed themselves on the experts, but that's part of the political process."

The bottom line, Meisels and other supporters said, is Florida students "will get a better science education."

The debate over evolution spans the globe and goes back decades, but Tuesday was Florida's turn in the spotlight. The meeting inside the state Capitol drew 150 people, a dozen TV cameras and enough reporters for the Department of Education to take the rare step of reserving media seats.

Whether the fight here will continue with the same intensity is unclear. But it's fair to say opponents left divided.

Both sides had threatened lawsuits, and at least three lawmakers - Rep. Marti Coley, R-Marianna, Rep. Dean Cannon, R-Winter Park, and Sen. Stephen Wise, R-Jacksonville - had said they might seek a legislative remedy, depending on the board's decision.

After Tuesday's vote, two of the three said they were satisfied, as did Dennis Baxley, a former state representative from Ocala who now heads the Christian Coalition of Florida.

"I'm very pleased with their decision," Coley said. "It helps us reach a balance."

"I think what the board did reflects a thoughtful approach," Cannon said. "I don't think any legislation would follow up on that."

Tuesday's vote followed weeks of mounting drama.

The proposed standards were unveiled in October. But it wasn't until late November, when the Florida Baptist Witness published comments from board member Donna Callaway, that the debate began in earnest. Callaway told the Jacksonville-based newspaper that she could not vote in favor of the proposed standards because evolution "should not be taught to the exclusion of other theories of origin of life."

From that point on, tension escalated.

More than a dozen North Florida school boards filed resolutions in opposition, with some saying they wanted evolution taught as a "theory" and others saying they wanted inclusion of faith-based theories such as creationism or intelligent design.

On the other side, scientists rallied. Among the organizations that signaled support: the National Academy of Sciences, the National Center for Science Education, the American Institute for Biological Sciences, the Florida Academy of Sciences and the Florida Citizens for Science.

Board member Roberto Martinez repeatedly cited scientific support in arguing the draft standards should be adopted without revision.

"We're watering down the best possible standards we could have to appease a certain segment of the community," he said. "Why should we ... supplant our own opinions for those of the scientific community?"

Callaway countered that the standards should acknowledge that there is a debate about evolution - and give teachers and students the academic freedom to pursue alternative theories.

"If we decide we're going to hide this debate, and we're going to hide the controversy ... then we better get with the witness protection program because that's the only place where we can act like it never happened," she said.

Callaway voted no because the revision did not go far enough. Members Martinez and Desai voted no because they backed the standards as written.

Department of Education officials said their aim was to make the new science standards world-class.

The previous standards, written in 1996, didn't mention the word "evolution" and were slammed by scientists as vague and shallow. In 2005, a respected think tank gave them an F, in part for "fudging or obfuscating the entire basis on which biology rests."

Other factors were also at play: The poor showing of Florida students on state and national science tests. An economy increasingly driven by high-tech industries. And the need for better science literacy in a state where pressing issues - from hurricanes to global warming to wetlands destruction - require an understanding of natural systems and how they work.

Districts will begin aligning their curriculum to the new standards next school year, and the science FCAT will begin testing students on the new standards in 2012.

Conservative Christians have led the opposition in recent months, but they're hardly alone.

A St. Petersburg Times poll released last week found 22 percent of registered voters statewide wanted public schools to teach only evolution, while 50 percent wanted only creationism or intelligent design to be taught.

Against that backdrop, some opponents said they would fight on.

The board's decision "will do absolutely nothing to inform students about the flaws with evolution," said John Stemberger, executive director of the Florida Family Policy Council, which supports Biblical values. "It's a meaningless, symbolic change."

"I'm kind of disappointed," said Sen. Wise. But as for legislative action, he said, "We'll just have to see how it shakes out."

Ron Matus can be reached at matus@sptimes.com or (727) 893-8873.

T. Willard Fair, chairman

The standards "will serve the purpose of preparing our kids for the larger world, no more, no less."

Linda Taylor

"I think as a board we take the experts' recommendation and then we look at it to make public policy that is workable in the classroom."

Kathleen Shanahan

"Do I believe in the theory of evolution? Absolutely. But I also believe there's more to explore."

Phoebe Raulerson

"I'm not saying it's a fact or not a fact. I'm saying it's open to discovery."

Dr. Akshay Desai

"I would support the standards the way the framers" have written them.

Roberto Martinez

"We're watering down the best possible standards we could have to appease a certain segment of society."

Donna Callaway

"I'm advocating that evolution be taught (with) academic freedom."

[Last modified February 20, 2008, 01:03:01]

Access World News - Document Display

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NEW YORK SCHOOLS SCORE LOW IN U.S. RANKING

Syracuse Herald-Journal (NY) - Thursday, May 4, 1989
Author: Jonathan D. Salant Washington Bureau

New York education officials said Wednesday they weren't surprised at the state's low ranking in the U.S. Education Department's sixth annual performance chart.

``Obviously, there are educational problems in New York state,'' said state Education Department spokesman Chris Carpenter. ``What's new?

``The commissioner this year has spent extensive time documenting that there are two school systems in this state, one which is largely suburban, affluent and successful; the other largely urban, poor and unsuccessful.''

The U.S. Education Department's ``wall chart'' found that New York was the only state to report a decline in Scholastic Aptitude Test scores last year. The state had a higher dropout rate than all but four other states.

The average SAT score in New York declined by 7 points, to 889 from 894 on a scale of 400 to 1,600. New York was the only state of the 22 that administer the SAT as a college entrance exam to suffer a drop in test scores.

New York ranked 14th in 1988, a decline from 12th in 1987. Nationally, the SAT average was 904.

The decline in SAT scores reflected the increasing number of graduating high school students taking the test, Carpenter said.

He indicated that 72 percent of the state's graduating high school students took the SAT in 1988. That was up from 70 percent the year before.

``We want kids to take the test,'' Carpenter said. ``It means they want to go to college. If that means the overall scores go down, so be it.''

Jay Goldman, a spokesman for the Council of Chief State School Officers based in Washington, D.C., said the SAT was not an accurate indicator of student performance.

``The SATs are taken only by a portion of the eligible students,'' Goldman said. ``We believe that there's much more sense in using what's called NAEP , National Assessment of Educational Progress, for measuring student performance. Next year, NAEP will be administered by a state-by-state basis.''

While SAT scores went down, the state's dropout rate increased, to 37.1 percent in 1987 from 35.8 percent in 1986. That compares to a national average of 28.9 percent in 1987 and 28.4 percent in 1986. The state's ranking dropped as well, to 46th place from 45th place, ahead of only Georgia, Michigan, Louisiana and Florida .

At the same time, the state's per-pupil expenditures increased to $6,497 from $6,011 between 1986 and 1987. The 8 percent increase was greater than the average 6 percent boost nationally, bringing the U.S. mean to $3,977 in 1987 from $3,756 in 1986.

And the state's average teacher salary of $34,500 in 1988 trailed only Alaska, at $40,424, among the 50 states. New York's average teacher salary was $32,000 in 1987. The national average was $28,008 in 1988 and $26,556 in 1987.

``Money alone is not the answer to our education deficit,'' U.S. Education Secretary Lauro Cavazos said at a news conference Wednesday.

Furthermore, 17.9 percent of children between 5 and 17 in the state live in poverty, a higher poverty level than 37 other states.

The high poverty rate helps explain the state's high dropout rate, Carpenter said. In New York City, where most of the poor students live, the dropout rate is 59 percent. In the rest of the state, the dropout rate is 18 percent.

An 18 percent dropout rate would rank New York 10th among the 50 states, according to the U.S. Education Department's wall chart.

While New York's educational performance went down, the nation's school systems as a whole remained stagnant, Cavazos said.

``The good news is that the schools are not worse; the bad news is that we also are not making progress,'' he said. ``We are standing still, and the problem is that it's been this way for three years in a row.''

Cavazos called for individual school districts to set goals. Among those goals are increasing the number of high school graduates, reducing the number of students unable to move up a grade level each year, and providing vocational education to non-collegebound students.

``Governors, chief state school officers, local school boards, district superintendents, educators, parents and other concerned individuals can begin right now to work together to identify and announce specific goals for improving each school district and state to select the benchmarks for measuring progress toward their goals, and to discuss incentives for student, teacher and school improvement,'' Cavazos said.

But Mary Hatwood Futrell, president of the National Education Association, the nation's largest teachers' union, said much of the blame for lack of improvement in education has to rest in the federal government's lap.

Between the 1982 and 1988 federal fiscal years, federal education spending was $7 billion less than it needed to be just to maintain programs at 1981 levels, according to the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees.

``It is no mystery that after eight years of eroding federal support for education, particularly for essential programs targeting our ever-growing minority and low-income populations, we find little progress in the achievement of our students,'' Futrell said.

Graphic: Report card

The most recent figures on education in New York State
SAT scores (national ranking)

1987 904 (12)

1988 889 (14)
Teacher salaries

1987 $32,000 (2)

1988 $32,500 (2)
Dropout rate

1986 35.8% (45)

1987 37.1% (46)
Expenditures per pupil

1986 $6,011 (2)

1987 $6,497 (2)

Source: U.S. Education Department
Caption: Graphic: Report card. Herald-Journal chart. (Note: For text of graphic see end of story.)